Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Slaveholders E-G

Enslavement to freedom

	A series of pages exploring various aspects of enslavement in Pennsylvania
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Slaveholders E-G
Slaveholders Listed on this Page Eakert, William (Enslaved persons listed: George Alexander) Eberly, George (Enslaved persons listed: Cato, Joseph Damney, Caesar, Ezekiel, Will, Tester) Eberman, Philip (Enslaved persons listed: Hetty Booty) Echman, Hieronimus (Enslaved persons listed: Cato) Edwards, Elizabeth (Enslaved persons listed: Jo) Edwards, Evan (Enslaved persons listed: Jo, Caesar) Edwards, John (Enslaved persons listed: James, Hannah, Bemer, Cilvy, Barney, Nance, Hanna) Edwards, Susanna (Enslaved persons listed: Un-named female, Nathaniel Nixon, Jesse, Rachel, Poll) Edwards, Thomas (Enslaved persons listed: Jere, Dina, Nathaniel Nixon, Michael) Edwards, Widow (See "Edwards, Susanna") Elliot, John (Enslaved persons listed: Un-named Mulatto woman) Elliot, Mary (Enslaved persons listed: Sally) Elliott, Robert (Enslaved persons listed: Vachel Brown) Ellmaker, Jacob C. (Enslaved persons listed: Myra) Ellmaker, Nathaniel (Enslaved persons listed: Yorck) Ellmaker, Susanna (Enslaved persons listed: George, Solomon) Elmaker, Leonard (Enslaved persons listed: Hira, Poll, Zango) Erving, George (Enslaved persons listed: Bett, Maria, Tom, Jude, Susan) Eshleman, Benjamin (Enslaved persons listed: Maria, Charles Sharp) Etting, Solomon (Enslaved persons listed: Margaret, Henry) Evans, David (Enslaved persons listed: Un-named male, Ben, Mary) Evans, Evan (Enslaved persons listed: Jack Farmer, Pheb Cook) Evans, James (Enslaved persons listed: Jack [b. 1762], Sam, Un-named male, Cesar, Abby, Sylvy, Nancy, Hanna, Jack [b. 1794], Eli) Evans, John--Drumore Twp. (Enslaved persons listed: Adam, Silvey, Toby, Pegg, Rose, Joe, Phill, Lucy, Ned, Will, Pet, Hannah) Evans, John--Carnarvan Twp. (Enslaved persons listed: Jacob Farmer, Un-named female, Abigail, Priscilla, Hannah, Fanny, Jesse) Evans, John--Earl Twp. (Enslaved persons listed: Violet) Evans, Joshua (Enslaved persons listed: Daniel Julins, 2 Un-named males, Un-named female, Hector, Abigail, Phillis, Cato, Jeremiah, Fann, Grace) Evans, Mary (Enslaved persons listed: Abigail, Abby) Evans, Nathan (Enslaved persons listed: Dine) Evans, Nathan, Jr. (Enslaved persons listed: Peter) Evans, Samuel (Enslaved persons listed: Caty, Charles) Evans, William (Enslaved persons listed: Casa) Ewing, Alexander (Enslaved persons listed: Sal McTan) Ewing, George (Enslaved persons listed: Jack) Ewing, Patrick, Esquire (Enslaved persons listed: Un-named female, Bridget, David, Jean, Samuel, Dinah) Fahnestock, Samuel (Enslaved persons listed: Priscilla, Perryway, George James) Feree, Jacob (Enslaved persons listed: Nathan, Neley, Keley) Feree, Joel (Enslaved persons listed: Jack, Nell, Kelley, Peggy) Feree, John (Enslaved persons listed: Isaac) Ferree, William (Enslaved persons listed: James) Frazer, Phoebe (Enslaved persons listed: George, John) Frazer, William Clark (Enslaved persons listed: two unnamed boys) Frezar, Joseph (Enslaved persons listed: Hannah, Bill, Jin, Tom) Fullerton, William (Enslaved persons listed: Jack, Feenah, Un-named male, Dinah, two unnamed females) Fulton, James, in partnership with Thomas Smith and James Wallace--see "Smith, Thomas." Fulton, Robert (Enslaved persons listed: Unnamed Mulatto boy) Galbraith, Samuel S. (Enslaved persons listed: Lydia, George) Galbraith, Sarah W. (Enslaved persons listed: Cassy, Maria, Un-named male child) Galbreath, Bartram (Enslaved persons listed: Bett, Jacob, Un-named female, Un-named male, Sall) Galbreath, James (Enslaved persons listed: Joseph) Galt, Adam (Enslaved persons listed: Bill) Gamber, Jacob (Enslaved persons listed: Tim Jenkin) Gamble, James (Enslaved persons listed: Fan) Gay, William (Enslaved persons listed: Lark, Dinah) Gay, William Sr. (Enslaved persons listed: Nero, Cash) Gibbons, James (Enslaved persons listed: George Washington Gardner) Gibson, William (Enslaved persons listed: Abb, Phillis, Joshua, Joseph, Jack, Moriah) Gilkrest, James (Enslaved persons listed: Lunnon, Hanna, Rachel) Gilleylen, Jacob (Enslaved persons listed: Paco or Paio) Good, Robert (Enslaved persons listed: Moses, Peter, Hager) Gough, Matthias (Enslaved persons listed: Un-named female, Un-named male) Graeff, John (Enslaved persons listed: Andrew Peters, Hannah) Graeff, Michael (Enslaved persons listed: Hannah Bailey or Boyle, Ellen Lacherman, Chloe Ann) Graff, George (Enslaved persons listed: Prince) Graham, William (Enslaved persons listed: Fortune) Greaff, Jacob (Enslaved persons listed: Nantz) Grubb, Burd (Enslaved persons listed: Amy, Fanny, Hannah) Grubb, Henry Bates (see "Grubb, Burd," above, for slave listings) Grubb, Peter (Enslaved persons listed: Amy, Cartskell, Abel, Mark, Nance, York, Bill, Belfast, Jerry, George Galbreath, Casper, Natt) Gundacker, John (Enslaved persons listed: Grace, Abraham) Enslavement Data Slaveholder Name: Eakert, William City or Township: Leacock Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: George Alexander Sex: Male Age: 22 Date of Birth: 1786 (calculated) Status: Runaway Description: "Mulatto man" Notes: Text of runaway ad: TWENTY DOLLARS REWARD. RANAWAY on Saturday the 23rd of July last, from the subscriber living in Leacock township, Lancaster county, two miles from New Holland; a mulatto man named George Alexander, 22 years of age, about 5 feet 7 or 8 inches high, has an impediment in his speech when confused or hurried. Had on and took with him a blue silk and cotton coatee, black nankeen vest and overalls, a half worn fine hat, and a pair of calfskin shoes. It is thought he has gone towards Wilmington, (Del.) having some relations there. Whoever takes up said runaway and secures him that his master may get him again, shall have the above reward, and all reasonable charges if brought home. WILLIAM EAKERT. August 12, 1808. Date of Record: August 12, 1808 Source: Lancaster Journal Slaveholder Name: Eberly, George City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: Jailer Notes: Blacks who were jailed as suspected runaways were frequently "sold for costs" by county jailers when no one claimed them following the placement of advertisements in local and regional newspapers. Enslaved Person's Name: Names not given Sex: Male Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Runaways-- jailed Description: "Negroe fellow" Notes: Lancaster County Jailer George Eberly advertised in the Pennsylvania Gazette, December 22, 1768, to inform the respective owners. Text of jailer's advertisement: Lancaster Goal, December 14, 1768. . . On the 16th of November, was committed to said goal, a Negroe fellow, who says he belongs to William Campbell, in Conegocheague; and also another Negroe, who says he belongs to Abraham Holmes, in Lancaster county; their masters are desired to come, pay the charges, and take them away, or they will be sold out for their fees, by GEORGE EVERLY, Goaler. Date of Record: December 22, 1768 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette Enslaved Person's Name: Joseph Damney Sex: Male Age: "about 34 or 35 years of age" Date of Birth: circa 1734 or 1735 Status: Captured and jailed as a potential escaped slave Description: "Negroe man" Notes: Lancaster County Jailer George Eberly advertised in the Pennsylvania Gazette in December 1769 to find the enslaver, identified by the captured man as Joseph Marks of Philadelphia. Eberly also suspects it is another enslaver in that city, Joseph Watkins, Jr. See notes following. Text of jailer's advertisement: Lancaster Goal, December the 8th, 1769. WAS committed to my custody, a Negroe man, who called himself Joseph Damney, and says he belongs to Joseph Marks, of Philadelphia; said Negroe is about 5 feet 3 or 4 inches high, and about 34 or 35 years of age; had on, when committed, a blue jacket, an old felt hat, a pair of old tow trowsers, and good shoes; he is a chunky built fellow, I think, according to an advertisement in the news-paper, that his name is Tom Tony, and that he belongs to Joseph Watkins, junior, of Philadelphia. His master, if any he has, is therefore desired to come, or send, and pay his fees, otherwise he will be sold out, in 5 weeks from the date hereof, by GEORGE EBERLY, Goaler. Eberly suspected this man was Tom Tony, who had escaped from Joseph Watkins, Jr., in Philadelphia, but his description differs significantly from Watkins' description of Tom Tony, specifically in the physical description. Tom Tony was described as "tall and slender," whereas this man is short and "chunky built." The clothing also differs in every respect, although clothing can be changed. Date of Record: 08 December 1769 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette, 04 January 1770. Enslaved Person's Name: Cato Sex: Male Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Runaway- jailed Description: "Negroe" Notes: Lancaster County Jailer George Eberly advertised in the Pennsylvania Gazette, November 30, 1774, to inform Cato's owner. Text of jailer's advertisement: NOW in the Goal of Lancaster, and County of Lancaster, the following servants, viz. Cato, a Negroe, committed the 15th day of September last, belonging to Colonel John Armstrong, of Carlisle. Anne Eister, belonging to Jonas Peterson, near Willingtown, committed the 7th day of November. And Patrick Fowlow, committed the 11th day of November, and says he belongs to Doctor John Stevenson, of Baltimoretown. Their masters are desired to come, pay charges, and take them away, in three weeks, or otherwise they will be discharged, upon paying their fees. November 22, 1774. GEORGE EBERLY, Goaler. Date of Record: November 30, 1774 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette Enslaved Person's Name: Caesar Sex: Male Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Runaway- jailed Description: "Negroe man" Notes: Ran away with another enslaved man, Ezekiel, from Maryland. Captured and jailed in Lancaster. Lancaster County Jailer George Eberly advertised in the Pennsylvania Gazette, November 30, 1774, to inform the owners of four jailed Blacks suspected of being runaways. Text of jailer's advertisement: Lancaster Goal, September 4, 1772. THIS day was committed to my custody, two Negroe men, taken up as runaways, and on their own confession, say that they belong to Mr. Waddell, Baker, in Maryland; one of them confesses that his name is CAESAR, and the other EZEKIEL; the said Ezekiel can talk good Dutch. As also was committed to my custody, on the 10th instant, a Negroe man, named WILL, and on his own confession, says he is the slave of James Evans, near New Castle. Also was committed to my custody, on the 25th instant, a Negroe man, who calls himself by the name of TESTER, and on his own confession, says he belongs to Dr. Vanlier, senior, of Chester county, but now the said Dr. Vanlier is removed to Reading Furnace. The masters of the said Negroes are desired to come, pay charges, and take them away, in three weeks from the date hereof, otherwise they will be discharged, by me GEORGE EBERLY, Goaler. Date of Record: October 7, 1772 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette Enslaved Person's Name: Ezekiel Sex: Male Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Runaway- jailed Description: "Negroe man" Notes: Ran away with another slave, Caesar, from Maryland. Captured and jailed in Lancaster. Lancaster County Jailer George Eberly advertised in the The Pennsylvania Gazette, November 30, 1774, to inform the owners of four jailed Blacks suspected of being runaways. See Caesar, above, for the text of the advertisement. Date of Record: October 7, 1772 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette Enslaved Person's Name: Will Sex: Male Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Runaway- jailed Description: "Negroe man" Notes: Ran away from James Evans, "near New Castle." Captured and jailed in Lancaster. Lancaster County Jailer George Eberly advertised in the Pennsylvania Gazette, November 30, 1774, to inform the owners of four jailed Blacks suspected of being runaways. See Caesar, above, for the text of the advertisement. Date of Record: October 7, 1772 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette Enslaved Person's Name: Tester Sex: Male Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Runaway- jailed Description: "Negroe man" Notes: Ran away from Dr. Vanleer, in Chester County. Captured and jailed in Lancaster. Lancaster County Jailer George Eberly advertised in The Pennsylvania Gazette, November 30, 1774, to inform the owners of four jailed Blacks suspected of being runaways. See Caesar, above, for the text of the advertisement. Dr. Vanlier was Dr. Branson Van Leer of Chester County. Date of Record: October 7, 1772 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette Slaveholder Name: Eberman, Philip City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Hetty Booty Sex: Female Age: "between 14 and 15 years of age" Date of Birth: circa 1809 or 1810 Status: Runaway Description: "Mulatto servant girl" Notes: Escaped from Eberman on July 23, 1824. He published the following escape notice to try to recover her: Six Cents Reward. Ranaway on the 23d inst. a mulatto servant girl named HETTY BOOTY, between 14 and 15 years of age. Had on when she went away a blue striped home made dress, and other new clothing. She no doubt has changed her clothing, as she has stolen some money from her master. The above reward will be paid on bringing her home, but no charges. All persons are warned not to harbor or trust her on my account. PHILIP EBERMAN. Date of Record: 30 July 1824 Source: The Lancaster Intelligencer, 30 July 1824. Slaveholder Name: Echman, Hieronimus City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Mentioned as the former owner of the slave Cato, who ran away from owner David Jameson of York in 1772. Enslaved Person's Name: Cato Sex: Male Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life--Runaway Description: "Negro slave" Notes: Ran away from David Jameson of York in August, 1772. For the complete text of the runaway advertisement placed by Jameson, see Jameson, David, on the York County pages. Date of Record: October 14, 1772 Source: Accessible Archives--Pennsylvania Gazette, October 14, 1772; ITEM #51950. Slaveholder Name: Edwards, Elizabeth City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Daughter of Evan Edwards (below). Elizabeth inherited a slave, Jo, from her father when he died in 1771. Enslaved Person's Name: Jo Sex: Male Age: ? "boy" Date of Birth: ? Pre-1771 Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Source notes that this is recorded in Lancaster County will book C, page 165. Excerpt: "Evan Edwards, of Earl township, leaves to his son Thomas, 'a negro boy called Caesar,' and to his daughter, Elizabeth, 'a negro boy called Jo.' May 30, 1771 " Date of Record: May 30, 1771 Source: Robinson, "Sidelights on Slavery" Slaveholder Name: Edwards, Evan City or Township: Earl Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Died 1771. His will leaves slaves to his son Thomas and daughter Elizabeth. Enslaved Person's Name: Jo Sex: Male Age: ? "boy" Date of Birth: ? Pre-1771 Status: Slave for life Description: Negro boy Notes: Source notes that this is recorded in Lancaster County will book C, page 165. Excerpt: "Evan Edwards, of Earl township, leaves to his son Thomas, 'a negro boy called Caesar,' and to his daughter, Elizabeth, 'a negro boy called Jo.' May 30, 1771" Date of Record: May 30, 1771 Source: Robinson, "Sidelights on Slavery" Enslaved Person's Name: Caesar Sex: Male Age: Exact age not provided in source, but described as a "boy" Date of Birth: ? Pre-1771 Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Source notes that this is recorded in Lancaster County will book C, page 165. Excerpt: "Evan Edwards, of Earl township, leaves to his son Thomas, 'a negro boy called Caesar,' and to his daughter, Elizabeth, 'a negro boy called Jo.' May 30, 1771" Date of Record: May 30, 1771 Source: Robinson, "Sidelights on Slavery" Slaveholder Name: Edwards, John City or Township: Earl Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Edwards provided no ages for the enslaved people he registered in 1780. Comparative ages can be deduced, however, from descriptions and the order of registration, as slaves were usually listed from oldest to youngest. In original registration order, the slaves registered are: Bemer ("man"); Hannah ("woman"); Nance ("girl"); Cilvy ("girl"); James ("boy"); Hanna ("girl"); and Barney ("boy"). Edwards died in August, 1790 and in his will stipulated that several of his slaves should be granted their freedom. (Egle's Notes and Queries, XXXVIII, p. 110). Enslaved Person's Name: James Sex: Male Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah Sex: Female Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: Negro woman Notes: Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Bemer Sex: Male Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: Negro man Notes: Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Cilvy Sex: Female Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Barney Sex: Male Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: Negro boy Notes: Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Nance Sex: Female Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Hanna Sex: Female Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Edwards, Susanna City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: Widow Notes: Wife of Thomas Edwards. Susanna inherited title to some of the family slaves when her husband Thomas died. Some of those slaves were in turn sold upon her death sometime after 1800. Enslaved Person's Name: Name not provided in source Sex: Female Age: 36 Date of Birth: 1764 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the 1800 Septennial Census, this could be Jude, who was the mother of many of the Edwards' slaves, including Jesse, Dina, Michael, Nathaniel and Rachel. Upon the death of Susanna Edwards, at least some of the family slaves were sold. Nathaniel Nixon was sold to Jonathan Jones of Manheim, from whom he ran away in June, 1806. The runaway ad placed by Jones noted that Nathaniel was "seen, on the 3d inst. at Downingstown; and said he was going to Philadelphia, to see his mother," who apparently had been sold to a Philadelphia area slaveholder. Date of Record: 1800 Source: Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: Nixon, Nathaniel a.k.a. Nat Sex: Male Age: (at Registration) "5 months old;" (age at time of running away) about 15 years old Date of Birth: 1790-December Status: Slave to age 28 Description: (County clerk's description) "Mulatto male child" Notes: 1791 Registration gives Nathaniel Nixon's age at registration as 5 months, and notes "born of Negro Slave Jude" who was registered in Lancaster. Possession of Nathaniel Nixon later went to "widow Edwards of Lancaster," and later to Jonathan Jones of Manheim, from whom Nixon ran away in June, 1806 (Lancaster Journal, June 20, 1806). See also "Jones, Jonathan" for the text of the runaway ad. Date of Record: April 20, 1791 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Jesse Sex: Male Age: - Date of Birth: 1798- January 01 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negroe male child" Notes: The original registration for this child is in the archives of the Lancaster County Historical Society. It reads: In Pursuance of an Act of Assembly of the State of Pennsylvania I Susanna Edwards of the Borough of Lancaster in the County of Lancaster Widow Do hereby enter and return that Jesse a Negroe Male Child the Son of Negroe Jude a female Slave was born on the First Day of January in the Year of our Lord One thousand and seven hundred & ninety Eight, and that his said Mother Jude was duly entered and registered in Lancaster County as a Slave pursuant to the Act 'for the gradual abolition of Slavery' and that the aforesaid Negroe Child Jesse is my Property and liable to serve untill he shall attain to the Age of Twenty Eight Years. Witness my Hand the Twenty second Day of May in the Year of our Lord one thousand and seven hundred and ninety Eight. Susanna Edwards. To John Hubley Esquire Clk of the Peace for Lancaster County. Date of Record: May 22, 1798 Sources: Registration of Negro child Jesse, son of Negro slave Jude, May 22, 1798 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Rachel Sex: Female Age: Five months old at Registration. Date of Birth: February 09, 1793 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: (County clerk's description) "Negro female child" Notes: 1794 Registration notes "daughter of negro Jude," a female slave. Date of Record: July 09, 1794 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Poll Sex: Female Age: Four months old at Registration. Date of Birth: August 05, 1800 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: (County clerk's description) "Mulatto female child" Notes: 1800 Registration notes "daughter of negro Jude," a female slave. Date of Record: December 22, 1800 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Edwards, Thomas City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: Innkeeper Notes: Thomas Edwards' wife, Susanna, took possession of some of his slaves upon his death (source 97; June 20, 1806). Enslaved Person's Name: Jere Sex: Male Age: 01 Date of Birth: 1787 (calculated) Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro Male Child" Notes: 1788 Registration notes "Born of a Negro Slave Named Reach," a slave for life. Date of Record: August 16, 1788 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Dina Sex: Female Age: 01 Date of Birth: 1787 (calculated) Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto Female Child" Notes: 1788 registration notes "born of a negro Slave Named Jude" a slave for life. Date of Record: August 16, 1788 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Nathaniel Nixon a.k.a. Nat Sex: Male Age: (at Registration) "5 months old;" (age at time of running away) about 15 years old Date of Birth: 1790-December Status: Slave to age 28 Description: (County clerk's description) "Mulatto male child" Notes: 1791 Registration gives Nathaniel Nixon's age at registration as 5 months, and notes "born of Negro Slave Jude" who was registered in Lancaster. Possession of Nathaniel Nixon later went to "widow Edwards of Lancaster," and later to Jonathan Jones of Manheim, from whom Nixon ran away in June, 1806 (Lancaster Journal, June 20, 1806). See also "Jones, Jonathan" for the text of the runaway ad. Date of Record: April 20, 1791 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Michael Sex: Male Age: Three months old at Registration Date of Birth: "born on or about November 16, 1792" Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto Male Child" Notes: 1793 Registration lists Michael's mother as "Negroe Jude." Date of Record: February 08, 1793 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Elliot, John City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Name not given in ad Sex: Female Age: 28a Date of Birth: 1738 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Mulattoe Woman" Notes: Offered for sale in 1766. Text of advertisement: TO be SOLD, a likely Mulattoe Woman, about 28 Years of Age, is fit for any Kind of Town or Country Business, and sold for no Fault but her Breeding. Enquire of JOHN ELLIOT, of Salisbury Township, Lancaster County. See also the listing for Mary Elliot, below, who in 1780 registered a young "Mulatto girl," possibly a child of the woman advertised by John Elliot for her "breeding." Date of Record: November 27, 1766 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette, November 27, 1766 Slaveholder Name: Elliot, Mary City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Widow Notes: The 1780 Slave Registration of slave Sally for Elliot was "by her attorney Henry Slaymaker." Enslaved Person's Name: Sally Sex: Female Age: 18 Date of Birth: 1762 (calculated) Status: slave to age 25 Description: "Mulatto girl" Notes: Originally registered by Elliot's attorney Henry Slaymaker as a "slave during life," the original return was accompanied by a certificate from Slaymaker attesting "that he meant the Mulatto to remain a slave only till the age of 25 years." Date of Record: October 27, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Elliott, Robert City or Township: Not stated County: Lancaster Occupation: Not stated Notes: Robert Elliott advertised in the Lancaster Journal to sell the enslaved Vachel Brown, in 1813. Enslaved Person's Name: Vachel Brown Sex: Male Age: Not stated, described as a "boy" Date of Birth: Status: Slave for a certain amount of time; has seven years to serve as of 1813. Description: "Yellow boy" Notes: Text of advertisement: For Sale, THE time of a yellow boy, named Vachel Brown, who has seven years to serve. He is an excellent waiter and hostler, and well disposed. For terms apply to Robert King, Esq. the Printer hereof, or to the subscriber. ROBERT ELLIOTT. April 22. Date of Record: April 22, 1813 Source: Lancaster Journal, 29 April 1813, page 4. Slaveholder Name: Ellmaker, Jacob C. City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Myra Sex: Female Age: March 18, 1805 Date of Birth: Six months old at Registration. Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Black female child" Notes: 1805 Registration notes "daughter of negro Phillis." Date of Record: September 10, 1805 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Ellmaker, Nathaniel City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Yorck Sex: Male Age: 27 Date of Birth: 1776- February 08(calculated) Status: Manumitted Description: "Negro man" Notes: Partial text of manumission document: "[I] do hereby manumit & set free from Slavery, my Negro Man Yorck aged twenty seven years, eleven months & twenty two days." Signed by Nathaniel Ellmaker, of Lancaster County, on January 30, 1804. Date of Record: January 30, 1804 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780", page 79 Slaveholder Name: Ellmaker, Susanna City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: The designation of widow first shows up on the registration for the slave child Solomon. In that registration, her first name is recorded as "Susan." Enslaved Person's Name: George Sex: Male Age: Five months old at Registration. Date of Birth: September 15, 1798 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro male child" Notes: 1799 Registration notes "son of negro Phillis." Date of Record: February 25, 1799 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780", page 79 Enslaved Person's Name: Solomon Sex: Male Age: Six months old at Registration. Date of Birth: September 13, 1802 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro male child" Notes: 1803 Registration notes "son of negro Phillis." Date of Record: March 12, 1803 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Elmaker, Leonard City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Hira Sex: Male Age: 26 years and 04 months Date of Birth: 1754- June (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Actual age, as given in the 1780 Slave Registrations is 26 years and 4 months. Date of Record: October 25, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Poll Sex: Female Age: 16a Date of Birth: 1764 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 25, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Zango Sex: Male Age: 09 Date of Birth: 1771 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 25, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Erving, George City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Tanner Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Bett Sex: Female Age: 25 Date of Birth: 1755 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro Woman" Notes: Date of Record: October 06, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Maria Sex: Female Age: 18 Date of Birth: 1762 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro Woman" Notes: Date of Record: October 06, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Tom Sex: Male Age: 04 Date of Birth: 1776 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro Boy" Notes: Date of Record: October 06, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Jude Sex: Female Age: 11 months old Date of Birth: 1779- November (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro Child" Notes: Date of Record: October 06, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Susan Sex: Female Age: Nine months old Date of Birth: 1780- January (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro child" Notes: Date of Record: October 06, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Eshleman, Benjamin City or Township: Lancaster City County: Lancaster Occupation: Innkeeper Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Maria Sex: Female Age: ? (adult in 1826) Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro"/"Servant" Notes: Mother of Charles Sharp, born February 01, 1826. Date of Record: May 02, 1826 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Sharp, Charles Sex: Male Age: Three months old at Registration. Date of Birth: February 01, 1826 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Male child" Notes: Text of the 1826 Registration of Charles Sharp: "Benjamin Eshleman of Lancaster City Inn-Keeper, returns Charles Sharp, a male child, son of negro Maria, servant to the said Benjamin Eshleman until she arrives to the age of 28 years, said child was born February 1, 1826." Date of Record: May 02, 1826 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Etting, Solomon City or Township: Lancaster County: Lancaster Occupation: Merchant Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Margaret Sex: Female Age: 03a Date of Birth: 1785 (calculated) Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro Female Child" Notes: 1788 Registration notes Margaret's mother as "a Negro Slave named Dinah." The same registration also lists Margaret's brother Henry, aged about 6 months. Date of Record: August 11, 1788 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Henry Sex: Male Age: Six months old at Registration Date of Birth: 1788-February (calculated) Status:Slave to age 28 Description: Negro Male Child Notes: 1788 Registration notes Henry's mother as "a Negro Slave named Dinah." The same registration also lists Henry's sister Margaret, aged about 3 years. Date of Record: August 11, 1788 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Evans, David City or Township: Drumore Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Yeoman Notes: Son of John Evans. Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Male Age: 20 Date of Birth: 1780 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. Date of Record: 1800 Source:Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: Ben Sex: Male Age: Five months old at Registration. Date of Birth: "born on or about May 6 1804" Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Negro boy child" Notes: 1804 Registration notes "son of Lucy, born on or about May 06, 1804 and that his mother Lucy was duly entered and registered by my father John Evans at Lancaster as a slave." Date of Record: October 19, 1804 Source:"A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Mary Sex: Female Age: Three months old at Registration. Date of Birth: August 14, 1805 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Negro female child" Notes: 1805 Registration notes "daughter of Lucy." See the note about Lucy in the notes for Ben, above. Date of Record: November 12, 1805 Source:"A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Evans, Evan City or Township: Earl Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations includes the phrase "enters as possessor." Enslaved Person's Name: Jack Farmer Sex: Male Age: 19 Date of Birth: 1761 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro Black" Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations specify status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Pheb Cook Sex: Female Age: 14 Date of Birth: 1766 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations specify status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Evans, James City or Township: Carnarvan Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer, Yeoman Notes: Source 111 notes: "The James Evans slaves were buried along Liga Law Lane, on the land Nathan Evans left a ground rent to be paid forever to Old Bangor Church. Nobody knows, now, just where they are entombed. It's plowed land now." Enslaved Person's Name: Jack Sex: Male Age: 18 Date of Birth: 1762 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Sam Sex: Male Age: 16 Date of Birth: 1764 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." In the 1800 Septennial Census, James Evans, Sr. was recorded as owning a 36 year-old male slave, which would fit the age of Sam at that time. Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Male Age: 36 Date of Birth: 1764 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. This slave was enumerated as property of James Evans, Sr. This could be the slave "Sam." Date of Record: 1800 Source:Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: Cesar Sex: Male Age: 05 Date of Birth: 1775 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Abby Sex: Female Age: 04 Date of Birth: 1776 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Sylvy Sex: Female Age: Six months old at time of Registration Date of Birth: "Born the last week in May 1789." Status: Slave to age 28 Description: (County clerk's description) "Female" Notes: Date of Record: November 28, 1789 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Nancy Sex: Female Age: Six months old at time of Registration Date of Birth: 1791-June 12 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Female Negro Child" Notes: Date of Record: December 14, 1791 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Hanna Sex: Female Age: Infant at Registration Date of Birth: 1793-February 13 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Female Negro Child" Notes: Date of Record: August 13, 1793 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Jack Sex: Male Age: Infant at Registration Date of Birth: September 25, 1794 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro male child" Notes: Date of Record: March 18, 1795 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Eli Sex: Male Age: About six months old at Registration Date of Birth: February 22, 1795 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro male child" Notes: Eli's mother is not mentioned in the registration. Date of Record: August 20, 1795 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Evans, John City or Township: Drumore Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Father of David Evans. Enslaved Person's Name: Adam Sex: Male Age: 40a Date of Birth: 1740 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Silvey Sex: Female Age: 30a Date of Birth: 1750 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Mother of Ned and Will. Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Toby Sex: Male Age: 30a Date of Birth: 1750 (calculated) Status: Registered as Slave for life, but manumitted in 1798 Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Toby was bequeathed to Evans' son James, of West Nottingham Hundred, Cecil County, Maryland. In a manumission document dated March 10, 1798, the younger Evans manumits Toby "which was will'd to me by my Father John Evans deceased of Drumore Township, Lancaster County. . ." (Source 102, page 71.) Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Pegg Sex: Female Age: 13a Date of Birth: 1767 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Mother of Pet, born in June, 1788. Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Rose Sex: Female Age: 09a Date of Birth: 1771 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Joe Sex: Male Age: 07a Date of Birth: 1773 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Phill Sex: Male Age: 04a Date of Birth: 1776 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Lucy Sex: Female Age: 02a Date of Birth: 1778 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Mother of Ben, born May 06, 1804 and registered by David Evans, son of John Evans, at Lancaster on October 19, 1804. Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Ned Sex: Male Age: 07 Date of Birth: 1781-November 17 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Meal Child" Notes: 1789 Registration lists Ned's mother as Silve: "Silve Negro Wench of whom is Boren 17 Nov 1781 a Meal Child Named Ned--Lackwise Boren of said Silve in April 1783 a Meal Child Named Will." Date of Record: March 05, 1789 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Will Sex: Male Age: 05 Date of Birth: 1783-April Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Meal Child" Notes: 1789 Registration lists Will's mother as Silve: "Silve Negro Wench of whom is Boren 17 Nov 1781 a Meal Child Named Ned--Lackwise Boren of said Silve in April 1783 a Meal Child Named Will." Date of Record: March 05, 1789 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Pet Sex: Male Age: 09 months old Date of Birth: 1788-June Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Meal Child" Notes: 1789 Registration lists Pet's mother as Peg: "Lackwise Negro Wanch Peg of whom was Born in June 1788 Meal Child Named Pet." Date of Record: March 05, 1789 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah Sex: Female Age: Five months old at Registration Date of Birth: "Born on or about June 15, 1791." Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto female child" Notes: 1791 Registration notes "daughter of negro Peg," a female slave." Date of Record: November 30, 1791 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Evans, John (2) City or Township: Carnarvan Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations included the phrase "enters as possessor." Enslaved Person's Name: Jacob Farmer Sex: Male Age: 19 Date of Birth: 1761 (calculated) Status: slave to age 31 Description: "Mulatto" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration includes the note "--31 yrs." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Female Age: 27 Date of Birth: 1773 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. This could be Abigail, who was registered by Evans at Lancaster as a six year-old girl on October 28, 1780. Date of Record: 1800 Source:Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: Abb or Abigail Sex: Female Age: 06 Date of Birth: 1774 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro female" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Mother of Priscilla, born November 13, 1792, Fanny, born August 28, 1798, and Jesse, born March 10, 1800. Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Priscilla Sex: Female Age: Six months old at Registration Date of Birth: 1792-November 13 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto female child" Notes: 1793 Registration lists Priscilla's mother as "Negroe Abigail" who was registered at Lancaster." Date of Record: May 10, 1793 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah Sex: Female Age: About six months old at Registration Date of Birth: 1795--August 14 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro or Mustee Child" Notes: Hannah's mother is not recorded in the County Clerk's records. Date of Record: February 06, 1796 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Fanny Sex: Female Age: Infant at time of Registration. Date of Birth: August 28, 1798 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro female child" Notes: 1798 Registration notes "daughter of negro Abigail." Date of Record: September 17, 1798 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Jesse Sex: Male Age: Five months old at time of Registration. Date of Birth: March 10, 1800 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro male child" Notes: 1800 Registration notes "son of Abigail." Date of Record: August 26, 1800 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Evans, John (3) City or Township: Earl Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Violet Sex: Female Age: 12 Date of Birth: 1768 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Evans, Joshua City or Township: Carnarvan Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Tanner and Currier Notes: Several slaves or ex-slaves are mentioned in the will of Joshua Evans, dated January 07, 1813. In his will, Evans makes provisions for the Blacks in his household, making no mention of ownership, and does not bequeath ownership to anyone, thereby giving reason to believe that they were all manumitted prior to the writing of the will. Enslaved Person's Name: Daniel Julins Sex: Male Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Not determined Description: Mulatto boy Notes: Mentioned in the will of Joshua Evans, dated January 07, 1813, as follows: "I allow Daniel J(?)ulins a Mullato Boy who I brought up to go to a Trade of his own choice after my decease and if he is a good Boy at one & twenty Years it is my will and do order the sum of fifty Pounds in gold or silver money to be paid him by my Philip Evans or case of his death then by one of my Executors." Date of Record: January 07, 1813 Source: Will of Joshua Evans of Carnarvon Township, Lancaster County, January 07, 1813 Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Male Age: 70 Date of Birth: 1730 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. Date of Record: 1800 Source:Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Female Age: 60 Date of Birth: 1740 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. Date of Record: 1800 Source:Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: Hector Sex: Male Age: 35 Date of Birth: 1745 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro man Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Abby or Abigail Sex: Female Age: 30 Date of Birth: 1750 (calculated) Status: Slave for life- Manumitted 1813 Description: Negro woman Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Mentioned in the will of Joshua Evans (if not earlier), dated January 07, 1813, as follows: "as for my Negro Abigail I allow her to be maintained by the aforesaid Philip [Evans] and to go and come when she will and her own bed bedding during her natural life and the said Philip to pay her one Dollar every month during her life." (Source 105) Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Phillis Sex: Female Age: 11 (at time of 1780 Registration) Date of Birth: 1769 (calculated) (Source: 102) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1791 Registration of Phillis' son Jeffrey by James Martin of Earl Township notes that Phillis was registered at Lancaster by "her former master" Joshua Evans. This is verified by source number 102, which records that Joshua Evans registered 11 year-old Philis, a "Negro girl" on October 21, 1780 as a "slave for life." Phillis is mentioned in the will of Joshua Evans, as follows: "I also allow to negros Phillis[,] Cato and Jeremiah Five Pounds each." (Source 105) Since no mention is made regarding ownership of any Blacks in the will, it is probable that Evans had manumitted his enslaved persons sometime prior to the writing of his will. Date of Record: August 03, 1791 Source: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780; 102 Enslaved Person's Name: Cato Sex: Male Age: 09 Date of Birth: 1771 (calculated) Status: "Slave for life" Description: Negro boy Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Cato is mentioned in the will of Joshua Evans, as follows: "I also allow to negros Phillis[,] Cato and Jeremiah Five Pounds each." (Source 105) Since no mention is made regarding ownership of any Blacks in the will, it is probable that Evans had manumitted his enslaved persons sometime prior to the writing of his will. Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Name not recorded in document Sex: Male Age: 26.5 Date of Birth: 1774 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. Date of Record: 1800 Source:Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: Jerry or Jeremiah Sex: Male Age: 06 Date of Birth: 1774 (calculated) Status: "Slave for life" Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Jeremiah is mentioned in the will of Joshua Evans, as follows: "I also allow to negros Phillis[,] Cato and Jeremiah Five Pounds each." (Source 105) Since no mention is made regarding ownership of any Blacks in the will, it is probable that Evans had manumitted his enslaved persons sometime prior to the writing of his will. Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Fann Sex: Female Age: 05 Date of Birth: 1775 (calculated) Status: "Slave for life" Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Grace Sex: Female Age: 02 Date of Birth: 1778 (calculated) Status: "Slave for life" Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Evans, Mary City or Township: Earl Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Spinster Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Abigail Sex: Female Age: 36 Date of Birth: 1744 (calculated) Status: "Slave for life" Description: "Negro woman" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Abby Sex: Female Age: 04 Date of Birth: 1776 (calculated) Status: "Slave for life" Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Evans, Nathan City or Township: Earl Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations includes the phrase "enters as possessor." Enslaved Person's Name: Dine Sex: Female Age: 11 Date of Birth: 1769 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations specify status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Evans, Nathan, Jr. City or Township: Carnarvan Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Peter Sex: Male Age: 08 Date of Birth: 1772 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Evans, Samuel City or Township: Donegal Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Caty Sex: Female Age: Two months old at Registration. Date of Birth: May 07, 1803 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Negro female child" Notes: 1803 Registration notes "daughter of negro Dina." Date of Record: July 27, 1803 Sources: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Charles Sex: Male Age: Four months old at Registration. Date of Birth: September 07, 1804 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Negro male child" Notes: 1805 Registration notes "son of negro Dina." Date of Record: January 16, 1805 Sources: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Evans, William City or Township: Carnarvan Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Casa Sex: Male Age: 25 Date of Birth: 1775 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. Though the census does not give the name of this person, he is identified (and his age is given differently) in the baptism records of St. James Episcopal Church, Lancaster. The records reads: "Casa, about 24 years of age, a Negro man of William Evans, bapt. Jan 17, 1800." Date of Record: 1800 Sources: Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800; \| Wright, "Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Church Records of the 18th Century, Vol. 3." Slaveholder Name: Ewing, Alexander City or Township: Little Britain Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Sal McTan Sex: Female Age: Age not reported in ad, but described as a "girl;" As she was 4 months pregnant, she would have been of child-bearing age. Date of Birth: Not known Status: "Indented servant;" self-emancipated in June 1806 Description: "Mulatto Girl" Notes: McTan escaped from Ewing on June 15, 1806. He waited about three weeks before placing the following ad in local newspapers: Six Cents Reward. RAN away from the Subscriber, in Littlebritain township, Lancaster county, on the 15th Ult. a Mulatto Girl, named Sal M'Tan, an indented Servant; stout made, 5 feet 3 or 4 inches high: Had on and took with her, a blue calamanco Petticoate, a blue and white striped cotton Short-gown, a chocolate-ground silk Handkerchief, cotton Stockings, calfskin Pumps, and an old white willow Bonnet, trimmed with black flowered Riband, a black cambric muslin Gown, a white cambric fringed Shawl. She is supposed to be about 4 months advanced in Pregnancy. Whoever secures said Servant, shall have the above Reward, from ALEXANDER EWING. July 8, 1806. Date of Record: 08 July 1806 Source: Lancaster Intelligencer and Journal, 08 July 1806. Slaveholder Name: Ewing, George City or Township: Little Britain Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Jack Sex: Male Age: Age not reported in ad, but described as a "man." Date of Birth: Not known Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: "Bred about Albany." Escaped from Jones in summer 1782. RAN away from the subscriber, in Little Britain township, Lancaster county, near Peach Bottom ferry, a negro man, named JACK, about six feet, and one or two inches high, well proportioned, smart and active, has thin lips and flat nose, is complaisant and mannerly when spoken to. He talks in the New-England dialect, and speaks low Dutch, having been bred about Albany. When he left his master, he took with him a pair of spotted breeches, a corded waistcoat, and two shirts, one of which had narrow sleeves. The rest of his cloaths is uncertain. Should he be taken in this state, EIGHT DOLLARS REWARD, shall be paid to the person that brings him home, or secures him in any goal, or TWELVE DOLLARS, if apprehended out of this state, together with all reasonable charges for securing or bringing him home to his master, by GEO. EWING. Date of Record: 11 September 1782 Source: The Freeman's Journal, or The North American Intelligencer (Philadelphia), 11 September 1782. Slaveholder Name: Ewing, Patrick, Esquire City or Township: Little Britain Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Female Age: ? Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: The 1789 registration by William Steele of Drumore Township for Maria, the daughter of this woman, notes that the mother was "reg. by Patrick Ewing, Esq. (whose property she was) at Lancaster as a Slave." The mother is most likely either Bridget, or Jean, two females registered by Ewing on October 20, 1780. Ewing registered a third female, Dinah, but she would have been only 12 years old at this time. Date of Record: March 30, 1789 Source: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 Enslaved Person's Name: Bridget Sex: Female Age: 26 Date of Birth: 1754 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro woman Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 20, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: David Sex: Male Age: 09 Date of Birth: 1771 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro boy Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 20, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Jean Sex: Female Age: 07 Date of Birth: 1773 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 20, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Samuel Sex: Male Age: 05 Date of Birth: 1775 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro boy Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 20, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Dinah Sex: Female Age: 03 Date of Birth: 1777 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 20, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Fahnestock, Samuel City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster (relocated from York County to Lancaster either 1799 or 1800) Occupation: Physician (office on West King Street), inventor, druggist Notes: Dr. Samuel Fahnestock was an early promoter of the small pox vaccine and advertised its availability from his office. As a physician, he specialized in the study and treatment of fevers. In 1819 he invented and patented his "Mineral Water Apparatus," which was essentially a soda fountain, to dispense carbonated water into a glass from a pressurized barrel underneath the counter. He saw it as a remedy for stomach ailments and to reduce vomiting, as well as a way to ease high body temperatures. Enslaved Person's Name: Priscilla Sex: Female Age: "about 28 years of age" Date of Birth: circa 1771 Status: Runaway Description: "Negro Woman" Notes: Formerly owned by John Edie in York Borough. Text of runaway ad: Ten Dollars Reward. RANAWAY on the night of Tuesday the 28th inst. A NEGRO WOMAN, named PRISCILLA, about 28 years of age, middling tall, of a handsome countenance, speaks plain English and has no toes on her right foot, in consequence of which she limps a little in walking. She was formerly the property of John Edie of Yorktown, Has a Husband named CLEM. Took with her a large quantity of clothing, which I cannot describe, except a white felt Hat with green underneath. The above reward will be paid to any person who will secure the said Negro so that I may get her again, with reasonable charges if brought home. SAMUEL FAHNESTOCK. June 1. Priscilla's escape in late May 1799 is right around the time that Fahnestock relocated his practice from York to Lancaster. That this ad appears only in a Lancaster County newspaper suggests he had already begun establishing himeslf in that city by this time. The impending relocation of slaveholders is a factor found in other runaway slave advertisements. Priscilla, who as noted "has a husband named Clem" and was formerly ensalved by John Edie in York, was probably motivated to escape by the fear of separation from her husband and possibly other family members. Date of Record: June 01, 1799 Source: Lancaster Journal Enslaved Person's Name: Perryway Sex: Male Age: "between 19 and 20 years of age" Date of Birth: circa 1792 or 1793 Status: Runaway Description: "Negro man" Notes: Perryway escaped from Fahnestock on January 23, 1812. Text of runaway ad: 30 DOLLARS REWARD. RAN away from the subscriber, on Thursday the 23d instant a negro man named PERRYWAY, About 5 feet 6 inches high, between 19 and 20 years of age, stout built, round faced, has a scar on his under lip, also a scar or bite on his right arm, below his elbow -- he speaks tolerably good English and a little German. He plays on the violin and it is supposed he has taken a violin with him. Had on and took with him a large lion skin coat, with a large cape bound with oris, corduroy round-about and trowsers, a yellow jacket, with black zigzag stripes, two linen shirts, a new silk handkerchief with white and red stripes, and a half worn castor hat. It is highly probable he has changed his clothing, in order to prevent his being apprehended. Whoever secures the above negro, so that his master may get him again, shall have the above reward, and all reasonable charges paid if brought home. SAMUEL FAHNESTOCK. Lancaster, February 1, 1812. Perryway is described as leaving wearing a "lion-skin coat" as well as a "yellow jacket, with black zigzag stripes." Both are highly distinctive items of clothing, the lion skin coat with a large cape being quite ostentatious on its own. It is also highly unusual. Numerous descriptions of fugitive slave escapes include mentions of animal skin and fur garments, but are typically made of bear, deer (buckskin) and beaver, or other animals commonly found in North America. A lion skin garment was and still is a rarity. Tradition reserves their use for persons of wealth and high social status. How, and why, Perryway came to be wearing such a garment is an intriguing question. Date of Record: February 1, 1812 Source: Lancaster Intelligencer, 08 February 1812 (contributed to the Afrolumens Project by Lancaster historian and researcher Pamela Stoner.) Enslaved Person's Name: George James Sex: Male Age: Age not given in ad, but described as a "man" Date of Birth: Not known Status: Runaway Description: "Negro man" Notes: James escaped from Fahnestock on August 20, 1815. Text of runaway ad: Five Dollars Reward. RAN away from the subscriber, living in the borough of Lancaster, on Sunday the 20th August last, a negro man, named George James, 5 feet and about 8 inches high, and well made. Had on when he went away, a gingham coatee and pantaloons. He has a singular white lump on the left wrist, immediately behind the thumb. The above reward will be given for his apprehension. SAMUEL FAHNESTOCK. Sept. 6. Date of Record: September 6, 1815 Source: Lancaster Journal, 06 September 1815. Slaveholder Name: Feree, Jacob City or Township: Leacock Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Nathan Sex: Male Age: 41 Date of Birth: 1739 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 30, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Neley Sex: Female Age: 36 Date of Birth: 1744 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 30, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Keley Sex: Male Age: 22 Date of Birth: 1758 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 30, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Feree, Joel City or Township: Leacock Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Jack Sex: Male Age: 39a Date of Birth: 1741 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: Date of Record: October 12, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Nell Sex: Female Age: 12a Date of Birth: 1768 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: Mother of Peggy, born March 14, 1796. Date of Record: October 12, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Kelley Sex: Male Age: 10a Date of Birth: 1770 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Date of Record: October 12, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Peggy Sex: Female Age: One month old at Registration. Date of Birth: March 14, 1796 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto female child" Notes: 1796 Registration notes "daughter of negro Nell," a female slave. Date of Record: April 18, 1796 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Ferree, John City or Township: Village of Strasburg County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Isaac Sex: Male Age: Four months old at Registration. Date of Birth: May 11, 1805 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Negro male child" Notes: 1805 Registration notes "son of negro Jude." Date of Record: September 24, 1805 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Ferree, William City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: James Sex: Male Age: ? "man" Date of Birth: ? Status: Runaway Description: "mullato man" Notes: Text of runaway ad: Twenty Dollars Reward. RANAWAY from the subscriber, on Sunday night the 22d of July, a mullato man named James, about 5 feet high, stout boned but slim made. Had on & took with him when he went away a nankeen round about jacket, under jacket and trowsers, blue cloth coattee, olive coloured velvet pantaloons, new fur hat, & a silver watch. It is supposed he has a false pass. Whoever takes up said runaway in any jail so that I may get him again shall receive the above reward; with reasonable charges if brought home. WILLIAM FERREE. August 10." Date of Record: August 10, 1804 Source: Lancaster Journal Slaveholder Name: Frazer, Phoebe City or Township: Little Britain Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: George Sex: Male Age: 03 Date of Birth: 1785-July 04 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: Negro Male Child Notes: 1789 Registration notes: "Son of Hannah, a Female Negro Slave for Life was Registered at Lancaster the 14th Day of October 1780." Hannah was registered by Joseph Frezar. Date of Record: March 25, 1789 Source: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me. . ." Enslaved Person's Name: John Sex: Male Age: 01 Date of Birth: 1787-July 31 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: Negro Male Child Notes: 1789 Registration notes: "Son of Hannah." See the note on Hannah with the child George, above. Date of Record: March 25, 1789 Source: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me. . ." Slaveholder Name: Frazer, William Clark City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: Lawyer Notes: William Clark Frazer, 1776-1836, studied law in Lancaster and was appointed to the Wisconsin Territorial Supreme Court. In 1818, Frazer advertised the following two children for sale: Enslaved Person's Name: Unnamed Sex: Male Age: 14 Date of Birth: c1804 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro Boy" Slave Notes: 1818 advertisement:"Two Negro Boys. For sale, the time of two likely Negro Boys; the one is 14 years old and has to serve until he is 28--the other 12 years old, to serve until 28. For further particulars enquire of Wm. C. Frazer. February 4." Date of Record: 04 February 1818 Source: Lancaster Journal, 7 September 1818 Enslaved Person's Name: Unnamed Sex: Male Age: 12 Date of Birth: c1806 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro Boy" Notes: 1818 advertisement:"Two Negro Boys. For sale, the time of two likely Negro Boys; the one is 14 years old and has to serve until he is 28--the other 12 years old, to serve until 28. For further particulars enquire of Wm. C. Frazer. February 4." Date of Record: 4 February 1818 Source: Lancaster Journal, 7 September 1818 Slaveholder Name: Frezar, Joseph City or Township: Little Britain Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah Sex: Female Age: 30a Date of Birth: 1750 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro woman Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Mother of George, born July 04, 1785, and John, born July 31, 1787, both of whom were registered by Phoebe Frazer on March 25, 1789 (see "Frazer, Phoebe" above). Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Bill Sex: Male Age: 10a Date of Birth: 1770 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro boy Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Jin Sex: Female Age: 04a Date of Birth: 1776 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 14, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Tom Sex: Male Age: 03a Date of Birth: 1777 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro boy Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Fullerton, William, Jr. City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Husband of Margaret Jane Blyth. William died January 1784. In his will, dated 24 December 1783, Fullerton refers to numerous slaves, including Phina, Dinah, and at least two unnamed female slaves. Enslaved Person's Name: Jack Sex: Male Age: 35a Date of Birth: 1745 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro man Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations specify status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Feenah (Phina) Sex: Female Age: 30a Date of Birth: 1750 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro woman Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations specify status as "a slave." It also identifies her as the mother of the unnamed four-year-old Mulatto child registered with her, and identified as "Son of the above mentioned woman." Feenah is probably the "Negro wench" willed by William Fullerton to his wife, Margaret, upon his death in 1784. His will states "I give and bequeath to My said Wife, her heirs and assigns forever, my Negro wench Phina, a Bed and Bed furniture and all the Plate I am Possest of." Dates of Records: (Registration) October 28, 1780; (Will) 24 December 1783 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" \| Will of William Fullerton, Jr., 24 December 1783, Lancaster County Will Book D-1, p. 462, Contributed by Pat Bristley, Fremont, Ohio. Enslaved Person's Name: Name not given in source Sex: Male Age: 04 Date of Birth: 1776 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Mulatto boy Notes: Identified in the 1780 Slave Registrations as "Son of the above mentioned woman" [named Feenah]. Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Dinah Sex: Female Age: Not specified, but described as a "Negro wench." Date of Birth:Not known, but described as a "wench" in 1783. Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro wench" Notes: William Fullerton, Jr., willed Dinah to his daughter Ann in December 1783. He died in January 1784. Date of Record: 24 December 1783 Source: Will of William Fullerton, Jr., 24 December 1783, Lancaster County Will Book D-1, p. 462, Contributed by Pat Bristley, Fremont, Ohio. Enslaved Person's Name: Name not given in source Sex: Female Age: Not specified, but described as a "Negro wench." Date of Birth: Not known, but described as a "wench" in 1783. Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro wench" Notes: William Fullerton, Jr., willed this person "or the Value thereof," to his daughter Margaret in December 1783.He died in January 1784. Date of Record: 24 December 1783 Source: Will of William Fullerton, Jr., 24 December 1783, Lancaster County Will Book D-1, p. 462, Contributed by Pat Bristley, Fremont, Ohio. Slave Name: Name not given in source Sex: Female Age: Not specified, but described as a "Negro wench" or "woman." Date of Birth: Not known Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro wench," "Negro woman" Notes: William Fullerton, Jr., stipulated in his will that if daughters Sarah and Jane prefer, they may take "one hundred and Sixty Pounds of Current and lawful Money for the Variable Consideration of a Negro wench, stock, or furniture." He died in January 1784. Date of Record: 24 December 1783 Source: Will of William Fullerton, Jr., 24 December 1783, Lancaster County Will Book D-1, p. 462, Contributed by Pat Bristley, Fremont, Ohio. Slaveholder Name: Fulton, Robert City or Township: Lancaster City County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: ? Sex: Male Age: 12 Date of Birth: 1749 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Mulatto Boy" Notes: Advertised for sale in 1761. Text of advertisement: To be SOLD, A likely Mulatto Boy, a Slave for Life, 12 Years of Age, has had the Small Pox and Measles; he is very healthy, and is as active as any one in the Province of his Age; talks good English and Dutch, and is now fit for any Business. Any Person inclining to purchase, by applying to the Subscriber, in Lancaster, may see the Boy. ROBERT FULTON. Date of Record: March 05, 1761 Source: Pennsylvania Gazette, March 05, 1761, Accessible Archives Item #26183 Slaveholder Name: Galbraith, Samuel S., Esquire City or Township: Donegal Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Husband of Sarah W. Galbraith. Enslaved Person's Name: Lydia a.k.a. Lid Sex: Female Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Female negro servant" Notes: Mother of George, born October 22, 1809. Date of Record: February 01, 1810 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: George Sex: Male Age: Three months old at Registration. Date of Birth: October 22, 1809 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Male negro child" Notes: 1810 Registration notes "born of his servant Lydia, commonly called Lid, a female negro servant for 28 years,--said child his property was born October 22, 1809 and liable to serve till he arrives at the age of 28 years." Date of Record: February 01, 1810 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Galbraith, Sarah W. City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: Widow Notes: Widow of Samuel S. Galbraith. Enslaved Person's Name: Cassy Sex: Female Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Not Determined Description: "Mulatto woman" Notes: Mother of Maria, born September 01, 1813, and an unnamed mulatto child, born December 31, 1815. Date of Record: October 28, 1813 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Maria Sex: Female Age: Two months old at Registration. Date of Birth: September 01, 1813 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto female child" Notes: Text of 1813 Registration: "Sarah Galbraith, of Lancaster Bor., widow, returns a mulatto female child, named Maria, daughter of her mulatto woman Cassy. Born September 1, 1813, liable to serve till she arrives at the age of 28 years." Date of Record: October 28, 1813 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: ? Sex: Male Age: Four months old at Registration. Date of Birth: December 31, 1815 Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto male child" Notes: Child's name is not recorded in county clerk's records. Text of 1816 Registration: "Sarah W. Galbraith of Lancaster Borough, widow of Samuel S. Galbraith late of Donegal Township, Esquire, deceased, returns a mulatto male child, son of her servant mulatto girl named Cassy, liable to serve till she arrives at the age of 28 years, said child was born December 31, 1815." Date of Record: May 01, 1816 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Galbreath, Bartram City or Township: Donegal Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Surveyor/Farmer Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations for Bett and Jacob included the phrase "enters as possessor." Enslaved Person's Name: Bett Sex: Female Age: 27a Date of Birth: 1753 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro wench" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 19, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Jacob Sex: Male Age: 14a Date of Birth: 1766 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 19, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Female Age: 25 Date of Birth: 1775 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. Date of Record: 1800 Source:Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Male Age: 23 Date of Birth: 1777 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the Septennial Census of 1800. Date of Record: 1800 Source: Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: Sall Sex: Female Age: 04 or 05 ("is now four or five years old") Date of Birth: 1784 or 1785 (calculated) Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Mulatto Female Child" Notes: 1789 Registration notes: "born of a Molatoe Slave who was in the service then of Samuel Scott of Donegal Township of County afforsd." Date of Record: March 31, 1789 Sources: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Galbreath, James City or Township: Derry Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Joseph Sex: Male Age: Not stated, but described as a "man." Date of Birth: Described as a "man" in 1755 Status: Captured runaway Description: "Negroe man" Notes: James Galbreath captured Joseph and advertised for his owner to claim him: "THERE is in the custody of James Galbreath, of Derry Township, Lancaster county, a runaway Negroe man, named Joseph, marked with the smallpox. Any person, proving his property to said Negroe man, may have him again, paying charges." Date of Record: Advertisement: July 3, 1755 Source: The Pennsylvania Gazette, July 3, 1755 Slaveholder Name: Galt, Adam City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Bill Sex: Male Age: 25a Date of Birth: 1755 (calculated) Status: Slave for life; Runaway Description: "Negro man," "Negroe Fellow" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Bill ran away in June 1784. Text of the ad placed by Galt to capture Bill: SIX DOLLARS Reward. RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living in Salisbury township, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, the 6th instant, a negroe Fellow, named BILL, 5 feet 4 inches high, and about 27 years of age, and the nails of his big toe have been hurt by the frost; had on when he went away, a new wool hat, and wore it sometimes cocked, a striped coatee, of copperas and white, an old linen shirt about half worn, a pair coarse trowsers almost new, and a pair of old shoes: He can play the violin and fife, and is more conceited than good at either of them. Whoever takes up said Negroe fellow and secures him in any goal, so as his master may have him again, shall have the above reward, and reasonable charges, paid by ADAM GALT. June 11, 1784. Six months later, Galt had still not recovered Bill, so he placed a new ad with an increased reward and more details: EIGHT DOLLARS Reward. RAN AWAY from the subscriber, living in Salisbury township, Lancaster county, Pennsyvlania, on the 6th day of June last, a Negroe Man, named BILL, about 27 years of age, 5 feet 4 or 5 inches high, has a small speck in one of his eyes, his great toes appear as if they had been frost-bitten, as there are scarce any nails on them; he plays on the fiddle and fife, but is not good at either. Had on when he went away, a new wool hat, striped linen coat, half worn shirt, new tow trowsers, old shoes with strings, & c. It is probable he will change his clothes and name. Whoever secures said Negroe, so that his master may have him again, shall have the above reward, and reasonable charges, paid by ADAM GALT. Date of Record: Registration: October 23, 1780; Advertisements: June 30, December 1, 1784 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780"; The Pennsylvania Gazette, June 30, 1784 Slaveholder Name: Gamber, Jacob City or Township: Hempfield Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Innkeeper Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Tim Jenkin Sex: Male Age: "about 32 or 33 years of age" Date of Birth: circa 1774 or 1775 Status: Runaway Description: "Negro" Notes: Jenkin escaped from Gamber's inn on September 19, 1807. Gameber placed the following runaway ad: Fifteen Dollars Reward. RAN AWAY from the subscriber, innkeeper, living in Hempfield township, Lancaster county, on Saturday the 19th of September, an indented negro-servant, known in our neighborhood by the name of TIM JENKIN, is about 32 or 33 years of age, 5 feet 9 or 10 inches high; is fond of strong liquor and tobacco, and of singing and dancing; he wears his hair tied and has an ulcer on his left side, which is still discharging matter, and prevents him from lifting heavy, or performing laborious work; and consequently prefers being a coach-driver, waggoner or waiter. Has a scar on one of his wrists, He had on when he went away, a pair of striped dark pantaloons, an old jacket and hat; is a remarkable profane swearer, and will probably change his name, as he formerly lived with a Mr. Armer in Chester county, in whose family he went by the name of Cadjo Major Thompson. About 18 months ago, he drove carriage for Mr. Hopkins and A. Reigart, Jun. Esq. in the borough of Lancaster. Whoever takes up said runaway and secures him, so that his master can get him again, shall have the above reward, and reasonable charges paid by JACOB GAMBER. September 25, 1807." Date of Record: September 25, 1807 Source: Lancaster Journal Slaveholder Name: Gamble, James City or Township: Drumore Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Gentleman Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Fan Sex: Female Age: 07a Date of Birth: 1782-February Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: Negro female child Notes: 1789 Registration notes mother's name, but it is not readable: "daughter of negro ___" Date of Record: February 06, 1789 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Gay, William City or Township: Sadsbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Lark Sex: Male Age: 33a Date of Birth: 1747 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 30, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Dinah Sex: Female Age: 12a Date of Birth: 1768 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 30, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Gay, William Sr. City or Township: Sadsbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations were "by his Attorney John Johnson of the same place." Enslaved Person's Name: Nero Sex: Male Age: 32 Date of Birth: 1748 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 30, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Cash Sex: Female Age: 12a Date of Birth: 1768 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro girl" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 30, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Gibbons, James City or Township: Mill Creek County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: George Washington Gardner Sex: Male Age: ? "man" Date of Birth: ? Status: Enslaved for a term of years Description: "Black" Notes: Offered for sale in June, 1807. Text of ad: TO BE SOLD, THE remaining part of an indented Servant Man's time, being three years. He is a black man, and can be seen in Lancaster jail at present. His name is George Washington Gardner. For terms inquire of the printer. JAMES GIBBONS. Mill Creek, Lancaster county, 6th mo. 17th, 1807. If Gardner was in bondage for the average 28-year term, he would be 25 years old at the time of the sale, and would have been born about 1782. Date of Record: June 26, 1807 Source: Lancaster Journal Slaveholder Name: Gibson, William City or Township: Little Britain Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Abb Sex: Male Age: 50a Date of Birth: 1730 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Phillis Sex: Female Age: 40a Date of Birth: 1740 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Mother of Moriah, born in February, 1781 and registered by Gibson on March 04, 1789. Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Joshua Sex: Male Age: 11a Date of Birth: 1769 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Joseph Sex: Male Age: 10a Date of Birth: 1770 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Jack Sex: Male Age: 01a Date of Birth: 1779 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Mulatto boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 31, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Moriah Sex: Female Age: 08 Date of Birth: 1781-February Status: Slave to age 28 Description: "Negro Female Child" Notes: 1789 Registration notes: "Dater to fillis a female Negro Slave for Life." Date of Record: March 04, 1789 Source: Returns of Negro and Mulatto Children Born After the Year 1780 \| "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Gilkrest, James City or Township: Little Britain Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Tavern keeper Notes: Surname is probably more commonly spelled "Gilchrist." Enslaved Person's Name: Lunnon Sex: Male Age: 35 Date of Birth: 1745 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 23, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Hanna Sex: Female Age: 23 Date of Birth: 1757 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro wench" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 23, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Rachel Sex: Female Age: six months old Date of Birth: 1780- April (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro child" Notes: Date of Record: October 23, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Gilleylen, Jacob City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Paco Sex: Male Age: 20 (at time of sale to Whitehill) Date of Birth: 1750 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Source 116 notes the sale of the slave Paco, from Gilliglen to Robert Whitehill, of East Pennsborough Township, Cumberland County, on November 05, 1770. The receipt, which still exists, reads: Saulsbury November 5 1770[,] Received of Robert Whitehill the Sum of Seventy pounds in full for one Negro Boy Named Pacoh[.] I say recd. by me on my fathers acct. Jacob Gilleylen." Date of Record: November 05, 1770 Source: Receipt for the slave Paco Slaveholder Name: Good, Robert City or Township: Carnarvan Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Farmer Notes: 1780 Slave Registrations included the phrase "enters as possessor." Enslaved Person's Name: Moses Sex: Male Age: 20 Date of Birth: 1760 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Peter Sex: Male Age: 16 Date of Birth: 1764 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Hager Sex: Female Age: 06 Date of Birth: 1774 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro wench" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "a slave." Date of Record: October 28, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Gough, Matthias City or Township: Lancaster County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Female Age: 66 Date of Birth: 1734 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the 1800 Septennial Census. Date of Record: 1800 Source: Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Enslaved Person's Name: ??? Sex: Male Age: 30 Date of Birth: 1770 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Notes: Enumerated in the 1800 Septennial Census. Date of Record: 1800 Source: Lancaster County Septennial Census Returns, 1800 Slaveholder Name: Graeff, John City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: Gunsmith Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Andrew Peters Sex: Male Age: 28 Date of Birth: 1773- September 09 Status: Manumitted 1803 Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Excerpt of manumission document: "from motives of Benevolence and Humanity, [I] Have manumitted. . .my Negroe Boy named Andrew Peters, who was born on or about the ninth day of September in the year of our Lord 1773, on condition however that he forthwith bind himself by Indenture to serve me, my Executors, Administrators or Assigns for and during the full term of two years from the day of the date of these presents." Date of Record: September 04, 1801 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780", page 75 Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah Sex: Female Age: Five months old at Registration. Date of Birth: April 10, 1805 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Black female child" Notes: 1805 Registration notes "daughter of negro Esther." Possibly the slave Hannah Bailey, mother of Ellen Lacharman, born March 18, 1824 and registered by Michael Graeff on September 16, 1824. Date of Record: September 10, 1805 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Graeff, Michael City or Township: Lancaster City County: Lancaster Occupation: Hatter Notes: Surname is also spelled "Groff" in Clerk's records. Enslaved Person's Name: Bailey, Hannah (or Boyle, Hannah) Sex: Female Age: ? (adult in 1824) Date of Birth: ? Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Negro" Notes: Mother of Ellen Lacharman, born March 18, 1824, and Chloe Ann, born September 20, 1826. Possibly the slave Hannah, born in April 1805 and registered by John Graeff in that year. The Registration of the child Chloe Ann gives Hannah's surname as "Boyle." Date of Record: September 16, 1824 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Lacharman, Ellen Sex: Female Age: Six months old at Registration. Date of Birth: March 18, 1824 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Child" Notes: Text of the 1824 Registration of Ellen Lacharman: "Michael Graeff of Lancaster City, Hatter, returns Ellen Lacharman, a daughter of Hanah Bailey, servant to the said Michael Graeff until she arrives to the age of 28 years, said child was born March 18, 1824." Date of Record: September 16, 1824 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Chloe Ann Sex: Female Age: Six months old at Registration. Date of Birth: September 20, 1826 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Child" Notes: Text of the 1827 Registration of Chloe Ann: "Michael Graff of Lancaster City, Hatter, returns Chloe Ann female daughter of negro Hannah Boyle, servant to the said Michael Graff until she arrives to the age of 28 years, said child was born September 20, 1826." Date of Record: March 16, 1827 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Slaveholder Name: Graff, George City or Township: Manheim Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Prince Sex: Male Age: 11a Date of Birth: 1769 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro Boy Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies "slave for life." Date of Record: September 29, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Graham, William City or Township: Salisbury Township County: Lancaster Occupation: Gentleman Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Fortune Sex: Male Age: 17 Date of Birth: 1763 (calculated) Status: "Slave for life" Description: "Negro boy" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave for life." Date of Record: October 17, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Greaff, Jacob City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Nantz Sex: Female Age: 15 Date of Birth: 1765 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: Negro girl Notes: 1780 Slave Registration specifies status as "slave during life." Date of Record: October 23, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Slaveholder Name: Grubb, Burd City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Son of Peter Grubb, Jr., Burd Grubb and his brother Henry Bates Grubb inherited the slaves Amy, Fanny and Hannah upon the death of their father. Enslaved Person's Name: Amy Sex: Female Age: 01 Date of Birth: 1787--October 03a Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: Negro female child Notes: Daughter of Nance. Registered in 1788 by Jasper Yeates, the clerk's entry reads as follows: "Jasper Yeates, Lancaster Borough, Attorney at Law, one of the Executors of Peter Grubb late of Warwick Township, Iron-Master, deceased, and also one of the Guardians over the persons and estates of his minor children and devisees, Burd Grubb and Henry Bates Grubb at present scholars in the Public Academy at York in the County of York, returns [listing of the slaves Amy, Fanny and Hannah]. . . which said children Hannah, Amy and Fanny are the property of the said Burd Grubb and Henry Bates Grubb." Date of Record: September 22, 1788 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Fanny Sex: Female Age: 06 Date of Birth: 1782--September 19a Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: Negro female child Notes: Daughter of Amy, a slave registered to Peter Grubb.. Registered in 1788 by Jasper Yeates, the clerk's entry reads as that above for the slave child Amy. Date of Record: September 22, 1788 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Enslaved Person's Name: Hannah Sex: Female Age: 04 Date of Birth: 1784--April 15a Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: Negro female child Notes: Daughter of Nance. Registered in 1788 by Jasper Yeates, the clerk's entry reads as that above for the slave child Amy. Date of Record: September 22, 1788 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me..." Slaveholder Name: Grubb, Henry Bates City or Township: County: Lancaster Occupation: Notes: Son of Peter Grubb, Jr., Henry Bates Grubb and his brother Burd Grubb inherited the slaves Amy, Fanny and Hannah upon the death of their father. See the entry for "Grubb, Burd." Slaveholder Name: Grubb, Peter, Jr. City or Township: Hopewell Forge and Mount Hope Furnace and Estate County: Lancaster Occupation: Ironmaster Notes: In his 1780 Slave Registrations, Grubb included the notation "enters as possessor," indicating that those slaves may actually be owned by other persons, possibly neighboring farmers who frequently loaned slaves to Grubb for seasonal work at the furnace. Grubb in turn paid those neighboring slaveholders the wages for the slave's work. The eleven slaves listed here were all registered at the iron furnace Hopewell Forge. Father of Burd Grubb and Henry Bates Grubb, two sons who inherited several slaves upon his death. Historian Joseph E. Walker lists five slaves at Grubb's Mount Hope Furnace in an estate inventory: Nancy (100), Bill (80), Terry (37), Rachael (5) and Negro York (60). Source: "Negro Labor in the Charcoal Iron Industry of Southeastern Pennsylvania," Joseph E. Walker. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 93 [October 1969], 466-486. Lancaster ironmaster Robert Coleman learned the trade as a bookkeeper for Curtis and Peter Grubb at Mount Hope. Coleman began his own ironmaking dynasty and went on to own numerous furnaces and forges in central Pennsylvania. Enslaved Person's Name: Amy Sex: Female Age: 40 Date of Birth: 1740 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: Mother of Fanny (born about September 19, 1782) who was registered by Jasper Yeates as an Executor of Grubb's estate, and as a guardian for two of Grubb's children, Burd Grubb and Henry Bates Grubb, who owned the child. See "Grubb, Burd" for the slave listing for Fanny. Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Cartskell (could be Castilye, see Casper, below) Sex: Male Age: 32 Date of Birth: 1748 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro man" Notes: Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Abel Sex: Male Age: 22 Date of Birth: 1758 (calculated) Status: Runaway Description: "Negro man" Notes: 1780 Slave Registration notes that this person has "runaway." Peter Grubb ran the following advertisement in the April 25, 1781 issue of the Pennsylvania Gazette: One Ton of BAR IRON Reward, (or the value thereof in currency) RAN away from James Sharps, in Sadsbury township, Chester county, on the 10th day of April, 1779, a remarkable likely Negroe Man, very black, named Abel, about 24 or 25 years of age, 5 feet 10 or 11 inches high, with a mole on one of his cheeks, his clothes unknown; it is supposed he harbours between New Castle and St. George, or about Appquinimink, in Delaware State, as he has some friends that are freemen living in a cedar swamp in that neighborhood. Whoever takes up said Negroe, and secures him in any goal, or brings him to his master living at Hopewell forge, in Lancaster county, shall have the above reward, paid by PETER GRUBB. N.B. It is probable he will pass for a freeman, he having got a pass from a free Negroe, named NAT, and may pass by that name. March 31, 1781. This ad illustrates how groups of free Blacks helped out escaping slaves by providing shelter and passes. Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Mark Sex: Male Age: 18 Date of Birth: 1762 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: An enslaved man named Mark, of similar but not exact age, escaped from Hopewell Forge on Hammer Creek in June 1797. A manager at the works, Samuel Jones, placed an ad to recover him. Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Nance Sex: Female Age: 17 Date of Birth: 1763 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro woman" Notes: Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: York Sex: Male Age: 14 Date of Birth: 1766 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Slave Notes: Lancaster attorney Jasper Yeates wrote to his brother-in-law Edward Burd, of Philadelphia, concerning York, an enslaved man from the Grubb estate. Apparently Burd was considering acquiring York, who would have been about twenty years old, at the time: (March 1786) With respect to the Negro York, I think he would by no means answer your purpose at present. He has been with me about a fort night and all he has done during that period would not amount to 4 hour's work. He has cleaned the knives and a few pairs of end irons [sic] and whenever he has done it, he has complained that his back has been so weak that he could not sleep. He spits much and appears to be rheumatic. My regard for the children could only induce him to be continued in my family. He is very lousy and Gen. Hand thinks lazy. He spends 13 hours out of the 14 in the chimney corner with his great coat and hat on. This is an exact report on him. You and Betsy will judge for yourselves. I think the warm weather will be a great service to him. He was once a most excellent, lively boy, with the best disposition, but I fear he has been greatly injured of late both in health and in industry. If the former mends, he will still be a good slave. Gen. Hand thinks he is not a consumptive. (Source: "Negro Labor in the Charcoal Iron Industry of Southeastern Pennsylvania," Joseph E. Walker. Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 93 [October 1969], 466-486.) Date of Record: Registration: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Bill Sex: Male Age: 10 Date of Birth: 1770 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Belfast Sex: Male Age: 07 Date of Birth: 1773 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Jerry Sex: Male Age: 06 Date of Birth: 1774 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Galbreath, George Sex: Male Age: 05 Date of Birth: 1775 (calculated) Status: Slave for life Description: "Mulatto child" Notes: Status is not specified in the 1780 Slave Registration, and is a guess based upon year of birth. Date of Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Casper (baptized Johann Caspar) Sex: Male Age: 01 Date of Birth: 31 July, 1779 Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro boy" Notes: Son of Castilye (See "Cartskell," above) and Anna. Baptized at White Oaks Church, September 1779. Church records read as follows: at White Oaks Congregation, born 31 Jul 1779, baptized, 18 Sep __ (1779?), child Joh. Caspar of Castilye and his wife Anna (Pet. Grub's negroes). Baptismal sponsors: Caspar Weymer and Anna Maria (from E-mail correspondence: Tim Conrad to George F. Nagle, December 17, 2002) Date of Registration Record: October 21, 1780 Source: "Slaves in Lancaster County in 1780" Enslaved Person's Name: Natt Sex: Male Age: "about 24 or 25 years old" Date of Birth: circa 1760 or 1761 Status: Slave for life Description: "Negro Fellow" Notes: Escaped from Grubb's Mount Hope Furnace, probably in the summer of 1785, based on the ad. Text of runaway advertisement placed by Grubb in August: Four Dollars Reward. RAN AWAY from the subscriber at Mount Hope Furnace, Lancaster county, a Negro FELLOW, named Natt, about 24 or 25 years old, 5 feet 6 inches high, has a large high nose, rather a yellow complexion for a negro, and has a remarkable waddle in his walk, which makes him appear as if he had been wounded in the hip. The fellow has a tolerable pleasing voice, and is fond of singing. Said Negro was bred up by, and purchased (about 4 years since) from Mr. Wharton, merchant, in Philadelphia, with whom the negro's mother now lives. He is supposed to be gone to Philadelphia, to go on board of some outward bound vessel. Whoever apprehends said Negro, and secures him in any gaol, so that I may have him again, shall have the above reward, or Eight Dollars if brought home, to be paid by me PETER GRUBB, senior. Mount Hope, Aug. 13, 1785. Date of Document: 13 August 1785 Source: Dunlap's Pennsylvania Packet, 15 September 1785. Slaveholder Name: Gundacker, John City or Township: Lancaster Borough County: Lancaster Occupation: "Yeoman, late merchant" Notes: Enslaved Person's Name: Grace Sex: Female Age: ? (adult) Date of Birth: ? Status: Not determined Description: "Mulatto servant wench" Notes: Mother of Abraham, born July 12, 1814. According to the registration of Abraham by John Gundacker, Grace was registered in York County. Date of Record: August 10, 1814 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " Enslaved Person's Name: Abraham Sex: Male Age: "4 weeks and 1 day old" Date of Birth: July 12, 1814 Status: Slave to the age of 28 Description: "Male mulatto child" Notes: Text of 1814 Registration: "John Gundacker, of Lancaster Bor., yeoman, late merchant, returns that his mulatto servant wench, Grace--who is registered duly in the County of York, was on July 12, 1814, delivered of a male mulatto child, which she calls and has named Abraham, and that the said mulatto boy is now--August 10, 1814-- 4 weeks and 1 day old and will be liable to serve until he attains the age of 28 years." Date of Record: August 10, 1814 Source: "A RECORD of the returns made in writing and delivered to me " County Index \| Educational Articles \| Tips on how to use this site \| Pennsylvania Enslavement FAQs

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